Class I phosphoinositide3-‐kinases in immunity…
115
14. CONCLUDINGREMARKS
Research in recent years has accumulated evidence showing the essential
role of class I PI3K and their molecular targets in cancer and immune responses,
and the potential benefits of PI3K inhibitors to treat neoplastic and autoimmune
diseases. The therapeutic potential of PI3K inhibitors in cancer has prompted the
discovery of many different molecules by the pharmaceutical industry whose
utility in immune-‐baseddiseasesneeds tobe tested.
Many of the newly developed PI3K inhibitors also inhibit other molecules
like mTOR or DNA-‐PK fulfilling important functions in different types of cells, so
that chronic treatment with these drugsmight produce deleterious effects on the
host in the long term (129). According to currently available data, the PI3K
inhibitors under clinical or preclinical study are reasonably well tolerated, and
these include broad specificity PI3K inhibitors or dual PI3K andmTOR inhibitors
(51). Thechallengenowis todeterminewhichparticular type(s)of inhibitor(s) are
of real benefit toeachparticulardisease.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
P.P. is a Tenured Scientist of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CSIC) at theCentroNacional deMicrobiología, InstitutodeSaludCarlos
III. Supported by Grants PI10/00650 and PI13/02153 (to JMR) and PI10/00648
and PI13/01809 (to PP) from “Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Estatal I+D+i”,
Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO), Spain. The authors apologize
to themanyauthorswhose relevant datahavebeensummarizedor omitteddue to
spaceconstraints.
DISCLOSURES
Theauthorsdeclareno financial conflict of interest.
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